(1)الماء المغيض:
وهو الذي نزل في الأرض وغاب فيها وغاض الماء: قل ونقص
يقول تعالى ( وغيض لماء وقضى الآمر( هود44
44. And it was said: "O earth! Swallow up your water, and O sky! Withhold (your rain)." And the water was made to subside and the Decree (of Allâh) was fulfilled (i.e. the destruction of the people of Nûh (Noah). And it (the ship) rested on (Mount) Jûdî, and it was said: "Away with the people who are Zalimûn (polytheists and wrong-doers)!" (Sûrat Hûd XI)
(2)الماء الصديد:
وهو شراب أهل جهنم
يقول تعالى (من ورائه جهنم ويسقى من ماء صديد( ابراهيم16
16. In front of him (every obstinate, arrogant dictator) is Hell, and he will be made to drink boiling, festering water.(Sûrat Ibrâhîm XIV )
(3)ماء المهل:
القطران ومذاب من معادن أو زيت مغلي .
يقول تعالى ( وأن يستغيثوا يغاثوا بماء كالمهل يشوى الوجوه) الكهف 29
29. And say: "The truth is from your Lord." Then whosoever wills, let him believe; and whosoever wills, let him disbelieve. Verily, We have prepared for the Zâlimûn (polytheists and wrong-doers.), a Fire whose walls will be surrounding them (disbelievers in the Oneness of Allâh). And if they ask for help (relief, water), they will be granted water like boiling oil, that will scald their faces. Terrible is the drink, and an evil Murtafaq (dwelling, resting place.)! (Sûrat The Cave XVIII )
(4) ماء الأرض :
الذي خلق مع خلق الأرض ويظل في دوره ثابتة حتى قيام الساعة
يقول تعالى (وأنزلنا من السماء ماء بقدر فأسكناه في الأرض) المؤمنون 18
18. And We sent down from the sky water (rain) in (due) measure, and We gave it lodging in the earth, and verily, We are Able to take it away.(Sûrat The Believers XXIII)
(5)الماء الطهور:
وهو العذب الطيب
يقول تعالى ( وأنزلنا من السماء ماء طهورا) الفرقان48
48. And it is He Who sends the winds as heralds of glad tidings, going before His Mercy (rain); and We send down pure water from the sky.(Sûrat The Criterion XXV)
(6) ماء الشرب:
يقول تعالى (هو الذي انزل من السماء ماء لكم منه شراب (النحل 10
10. He it is Who sends down water (rain) from the sky; from it you drink and from it (grows) the vegetation on which you send your cattle to pasture.(Sûrat The Bees XVI )
(7) الماء الأجاج:
شديد الملوحة وهو غير مستساغ للشراب
يقول تعالى ( مرج البحرين هذا عذب فرات وهذا ملح أجاج) الفرقان53
ويقول تعالى (هذا عذب فرات سائغ شرابه وهذا ملح أجاج) فاطر12
ويقول تعالى ( لو نشاء جعلناه أجاجا فلولا تشكرون) الواقعة 70
53. And it is He Who has let free the two seas (kinds of water): this is palatable and sweet, and that is salt and bitter; and He has set a barrier and a complete partition between them.(Sûrat The Criterion XXV)
12. And the two seas (kinds of water) are not alike: this is palatable, sweet and pleasant to drink, and that is salt and bitter. And from them both you eat fresh tender meat (fish), and derive the ornaments that you wear. And you see the ships cleaving (the sea-water as they sail through it), that you may seek of His Bounty, and that you may give thanks.(Sûrat Fâtir or XXXV )
70. If We willed, We verily could make it salt (and undrinkable): why then do you not give thanks (to Allâh)?(Sûrat The Event LVI )
(8) الماء المهين:
هو الضعيف والحقير ويقصد به منى الرجل لضعف تحمل مكوناته للعوامل الخارجية
يقول تعالى ( ثم جعل نسله من سلاله من ماء مهين) السجده8
ويقول تعالى (الم نخلقكم من ماء مهين) المرسلات20
8. Then He made his offspring from semen of despised water (male and female sexual discharge).(Sûrat The Prostration XXXII)
20. Did We not create you from a despised water (semen)?(Sûrat Those sent forth LXXVII )
(9)الماء /غير الآسن:
وهو الماء الجاري المتجدد الخالي من الملوثات
يقول تعالى واصفا أنها الجنة (فيها انهار من ماء غير آسن( محمد15
إضافة :
معنى الآسن: غير متغير الرائحة، والآسن من الماء مثل الآجن، وقد أسن الماء يأسن أسناً وأسوناً إذا تغيرت رائحته،
15. The description of Paradise which the Muttaqûn (the pious. See V.2:2) have been promised (is that) in it are rivers of water the taste and smell of which are not changed, rivers of milk of which the taste never changes, rivers of wine delicious to those who drink, and rivers of clarified honey (clear and pure) therein for them is every kind of fruit, and forgiveness from their Lord. (Are these) like those who shall dwell for ever in the Fire and be given to drink boiling water so that it cuts up their bowels?(Sûrat Muhammad XLVII)
(10)الماء الحميم :
حم الماء: أي سخن والماء الحميم: شديد السخونة والغليان
ويقول تعالى (وسقوا ماء حميما فقطع أمعاءهم( محمد15
15. The description of Paradise which the Muttaqûn (the pious. See V.2:2) have been promised (is that) in it are rivers of water the taste and smell of which are not changed, rivers of milk of which the taste never changes, rivers of wine delicious to those who drink, and rivers of clarified honey (clear and pure) therein for them is every kind of fruit, and forgiveness from their Lord. (Are these) like those who shall dwell for ever in the Fire and be given to drink boiling water so that it cuts up their bowels?(Sûrat Muhammad XLVII)
(11)الماء المبـارك
الذي يحي الأرض وينبت الزرع وينشر الخير
قول تعالى :( ونزلنا من السماء ماء مباركا فأنبتنا به جنات وحب الحصيد) ق9
9. And We send down blessed water (rain) from the sky, then We produce therewith gardens and grain (every kind of harvests) that are reaped (Sûrat Qâf .L )
(12) الماء المنهـمر.
المتدفق بغزاره ولفترات طويلة من السماء فيهلك الزرع والحرث
ويقول تعالى (ففتحنا أبواب السماء بماء منهمر) القمر 11
11. So We opened the gates of the heaven with water pouring forth.(Sûrat The Moon LIV )
(13)الماء المسكوب:
الملطف للأرض ويعطى الإحساس بالراحة للعين
يقول تعالى ( وظل ممدود وماء مسكوب) الواقعه30_31
30. And in shade long-extended,(Sûrat The Event LVI )
31. And by water flowing constantly,(Sûrat The Event LVI )
(14) الماء الغور:
الذي يذهب في الأرض ويغيب فيها فلا ينتفع منه
يقول تعالى : (قل أرأيتم أن أصبح ماؤها غورا فلن تستطيع له طلبا ) الكهف41
41. "Or the water thereof (of the gardens) becomes deep-sunken (underground) so that you will never be able to seek it."(Sûrat The Cave XVIII )
(15) الماء المعين:
الذي يسيل ويسهل الحصول عليه والانتفاع به
يقول تعالى (فمن يأتيكم بماء معين) الملك30
30. Say (O Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم): "Tell me! If (all) your water were to sink away, who then can supply you with flowing (spring) water?"(Sûrat Dominion LXVII )
(16)الماء الغد ق:
الوفير يقول تعالى( ولو استقاموا على الطريقة لاستقيناهم ماء غدقا) الجن 16
16. If they (non-Muslims) had believed in Allâh, and went on the Right Way (i.e. Islâm) We would surely have bestowed on them water (rain) in abundance.(Sûrat The Jinn LXXII )
(17) الماء الفرات :
الشديد العذوبة يقول تعالى ( واسقينا كم ماء فراتا) المرسلات27
27. And have placed therein firm, and tall mountains, and have given you to drink sweet water?(Sûrat Those sent forth LXXVII )
(18) الماء الثجاج:
وهو السيل
يقول تعالى ( وأنزلنا من المعصرات ماءا ثجاجا) النبأ14
14. And We have sent down from the rainy clouds abundant water.(Sûrat The Great News LXXVIII )
(19)الماء الدافق:
وهو منى الرجل يخرج في دفقات
يقول تعالى ( خلق من ماء دافق( الطارق16
16. And I (too) am planning a plan.(Sûrat At-Târiq LXXXVI )
(20) ماء مــــدين:
يقول تعالى:
)ولما ورد ماء مدين ( القصص 23
23. And when he arrived at the water (a well) of Madyan (Midian) he found there a group of men watering (their flocks), and besides them he found two women who were keeping back (their flocks). He said: "What is the matter with you?" They said: "We cannot water (our flocks) until the shepherds take (their flocks). And our father is a very old man."(Sûrat The Narration XXVIII)
(21) الماء السراب:
ما تراه العين نصف النهار كأنه ماء
يقول تعالى ( والذين كفروا أعمالهم كسراب بقيعة يحسبه الظمآن ماء( النور39
39. As for those who disbelieve, their deeds are like a mirage in a desert. The thirsty one thinks it to be water, until he comes up to it, he finds it to be nothing; but he finds Allâh with him, Who will pay him his due (Hell). And Allâh is Swift in taking account.[2](SûratThe Light XXIV )
[2]: (V.24:39) The deeds of a disbeliever are like a mirage for a thirsty person: when he will meet Allâh, he will think that he has a good reward with Allâh of his good deeds, but he will find nothing, like a mirage, and will be thrown in the Fire of Hell.
(22)الأنهار والينابيع :
الذي يسقط من السحاب فيجرى في مسالك معروفه
يقول تعالى (الم تر أن الله أنزل من السماء ماء فسلكه ينابيع في الأرض) الزمر 21
21. See you not that Allâh sends down water (rain) from the sky, and causes it to penetrate the earth, (and then makes it to spring up) as water-springs, and afterward thereby produces crops of different colours, and afterward they wither and you see them turn yellow; then He makes them dry and broken pieces. Verily, in this is a Reminder for men of understanding.(Sûrat The Groups XXXIX )
(23)الماء السلسبيل:
وهو ماء في غاية من السلاسة وسهوله المرور في الحلق من شده العذوبة وينبع في الجنة من عين تسمى سلسبيلا لآن ماءها على هذه الصفة
يقول تعالى ( عينا فيها تسمى سلسبيلا) الإنسان18
18. A spring there, called Salsabîl.(Sûrat Man or Time LXXVI)
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